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Understanding Cartilage: What It Is, How It Changes With Age and How to Support It

The smooth tissue that keeps your joints gliding.

Quick answer

Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue. In joints, a type called articular (hyaline) cartilage covers the ends of bones so they glide smoothly and absorb shock. It is made mostly of water, type II collagen and proteoglycans, large molecules built from glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate. Cartilage has no blood supply, so it receives nutrients from joint fluid during movement and has a limited ability to repair itself. With age, cartilage tends to hold less water and become thinner. Regular movement, a healthy weight, strong muscles and good nutrition help support it.

Key takeaways

You cannot see or feel cartilage directly, but every comfortable step depends on it.

Types of cartilage

TypeWhere it is found
Hyaline (articular)Joint surfaces, ribs, nose
FibrocartilageKnee menisci, spinal discs
ElasticEar, epiglottis

What articular cartilage is made of

Water (65–80%)

Gives cartilage its cushioning and shock-absorbing ability.

Type II collagen

A strong fibre network that provides structure.

Proteoglycans

Large molecules built from glycosaminoglycans, such as chondroitin sulfate, which attract and hold water. Glucosamine is a building block for these molecules.

Why cartilage needs support

Because cartilage has no blood vessels, it relies on movement to pump nutrient-rich joint fluid in and out, and it repairs slowly. Over time, age, injury, extra weight and inactivity can affect it. Keep moving with low-impact exercise, strengthen the muscles around your joints, maintain a healthy weight and eat a balanced diet with vitamin C for collagen. Feilaira supplies glucosamine and chondroitin, plus MSM, Boswellia, turmeric and bromelain, to support cartilage and joint comfort.

See a doctor for joint pain after an injury, a joint that locks or gives way, or swelling, redness and warmth.

Sources

  1. Sophia Fox A.J. et al. – "The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function," Sports Health, 2009.
  2. Cleveland Clinic – "Cartilage."
  3. Arthritis Foundation – "How joints work."

Common questions

What is cartilage made of?

Mostly water, type II collagen and proteoglycans.

Can cartilage repair itself?

Only slowly, because it has no blood supply.

How can I support my cartilage?

Regular movement, a healthy weight, strong muscles and good nutrition.

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